EXPERIENCE ROXY'S PET SHOP CARE SHEETS

The Black Musk Turtle is a small, semi-aquatic species native to the southeastern United States. They are known for their dark, almost black coloration and their ability to produce a strong-smelling musk when threatened. These turtles can live up to 40 years or more with the right care. Black Musk Turtles are relatively easy to care for, but they require specific conditions to stay healthy and thrive in captivity.

• Minimum Size: A 20-gallon tank is the minimum size for one Black Musk Turtle. For two turtles, you’ll need at least 30 gallons. Turtles need both swimming space and an area to bask, so a larger tank is always better.
• Ideal Size: A 40-gallon tank or larger is recommended for two or more Black Musk Turtles to ensure plenty of space and prevent territorial conflicts.

• Temperature: Black Musk Turtles are cold to temperate-water turtles. The water temperature should be maintained between 72–78°F (22–26°C).
• Basking Area: While they enjoy cooler water, they need a basking area where they can dry off and regulate their body temperature. The basking spot should have a temperature of 85–90°F (29–32°C).
• pH Level: The pH should be slightly acidic to neutral, around 6.5–7.5.
• Water Quality: As with all turtles, Black Musk Turtles produce a lot of waste, so maintaining clean water is crucial. Regular water changes and a good filtration system are essential to keep the tank clean and healthy. Ammonia and nitrite levels should be 0 ppm, and nitrates should be kept below 20 ppm.

• Filtration: Black Musk Turtles are messy eaters and produce a lot of waste. A strong filtration system is essential to keep the water clean. A filter rated for a tank size larger than the actual tank is recommended. You may also want to use a sponge filter or a canister filter to prevent strong currents, as Black Musk Turtles prefer calm water.
• Aeration: An air pump can help oxygenate the water, especially if the tank is heavily stocked.

• Best Option: Smooth river rocks or sand are good choices. Turtles enjoy searching through the substrate for food, and smooth surfaces are gentle on their sensitive plastron (bottom shell). Avoid gravel that’s small enough to be ingested.
• Avoid: Sharp, jagged rocks or coarse substrates that could injure the turtle’s skin or mouth.

• A solid basking platform or dock should be placed above the water line, allowing the turtle to climb out and dry off. A floating basking dock works well, or you can create a DIY basking area using rocks or driftwood.

Black Musk Turtles are omnivores, and their diet should be varied to provide all the necessary nutrients.

• Staple Foods: A mix of commercial turtle pellets (formulated for omnivorous species) should form the basis of their diet.
• Protein Sources: Offer live or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, crickets, earthworms, brine shrimp, and small fish. These provide the protein they need for growth and maintenance.
• Vegetables: Offer a variety of leafy greens like dandelion greens, collard greens, mustard greens, and romaine lettuce. You can also give them squash, zucchini, and carrots. Avoid iceberg lettuce, as it offers little nutritional value.
• Calcium: Provide a source of calcium to support healthy shell growth. Cuttlebone or calcium supplements added to their diet will help with this.

• Feeding Frequency: Young turtles (under 6 months) should be fed daily. Older turtles can be fed 3-4 times per week.
• Portion Control: Only provide as much food as the turtle can consume in 15-20 minutes to avoid food waste and water contamination.
• Variety: Offering a variety of food items ensures they get a balanced diet and keeps them mentally stimulated.

• Perform regular partial water changes (20-30% of the tank volume) once a week to maintain water quality. Black Musk Turtles are sensitive to poor water conditions, and a clean environment is crucial for their health.
• Use a water conditioner to remove chlorine or chloramine from tap water before adding it to the tank.

• Ammonia and Nitrites: Keep ammonia and nitrites at 0 ppm.
• Nitrates: Keep nitrate levels below 20 ppm. High nitrate levels can cause health problems for turtles and encourage algae growth.
• pH: Maintain the pH level between 6.5–7.5.

• Water Temperature: Keep the water temperature between 72–78°F (22–26°C). Use an aquarium heater with a thermometer to maintain a consistent temperature.
• Basking Temperature: The basking spot should be around 85–90°F (29–32°C) to allow the turtle to regulate its body temperature.

• Black Musk Turtles require UVB lighting to help them synthesize vitamin D3, which is essential for calcium absorption and shell health. Use a UVB light designed for reptiles and ensure it provides the correct spectrum of UVB radiation.
• Lighting Duration: Provide 12-14 hours of light per day, simulating a natural day-night cycle. Use a timer to regulate light cycles.
• Heat Source: A heat lamp placed above the basking area will help maintain the necessary basking temperature.

• Shell Rot: Caused by bacterial infections, shell rot results in soft, discolored patches on the shell. It’s often the result of poor water quality or prolonged exposure to damp conditions. Regular water changes and a dry basking area can help prevent this.
• Respiratory Infections: Poor water quality and cold temperatures can lead to respiratory issues. Symptoms include labored breathing, wheezing, or bubbles around the nose. If you notice these symptoms, consult a vet immediately.
• Parasites: External parasites such as leeches or ticks, and internal parasites like tapeworms can affect Black Musk Turtles. Quarantine any new additions to the tank and monitor the turtle for signs of illness.

• Lethargy or unusual behavior (e.g., staying at the bottom of the tank or floating at the surface)
• Loss of appetite
• Swollen or discolored eyes
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Changes in shell appearance (soft spots, discoloration, or cracks)

• Black Musk Turtles are not social animals and don’t typically enjoy handling. It’s best to minimize contact to avoid stress.
• If handling is necessary (for tank cleaning or medical care), always handle the turtle gently with wet hands, as their skin is delicate and their shells are sensitive.
• Avoid dropping them or allowing them to fall from heights, as this can injure their shells.

Breeding Black Musk Turtles in captivity can be challenging and requires specific environmental conditions:

• Temperature: A slight drop in water temperature (around 68–72°F / 20–22°C) can trigger breeding behavior.
• Mating Behavior: Males may chase females and engage in courtship displays. After mating, the female will lay eggs in a land-based nest or buried in the substrate.
• Egg Incubation: Eggs should be incubated in a humid, warm environment (around 80°F / 27°C) until they hatch in 60–90 days.
• Fry Care: The baby turtles (fry) will need to be raised separately and provided with small, appropriately-sized food items.

• Tankmates: Black Musk Turtles can be kept with other non-aggressive species of turtles or fish. Avoid larger, more aggressive species, which may harass or harm the turtle.
• Escape Proofing: Turtles are skilled escape artists, so make sure your tank has a secure lid or top. They can climb out of tanks if given the opportunity.
• Keep Them Active: Provide enough enrichment (e.g., rocks to climb, plants to explore) to keep your Black Musk Turtle active and engaged.

Black Musk Turtles are hardy, fascinating pets that are relatively easy to care for when their specific needs are met. With proper tank conditions, a varied diet, and regular maintenance, these small but feisty turtles can thrive for decades. Their active nature and interesting behaviors will keep you entertained, making them a rewarding pet for any reptile enthusiast.

If you have any further questions or need additional advice, feel free to ask!