Freshwater turtles are fascinating, long-lived pets that require clean water, proper diet, hiding areas, and occasional basking. This guide covers the care of Razorback Musk, Florida Cooter, Black Musk, Reeves Turtle, and Mississippi Map Turtle, helping you provide the best environment for healthy, thriving turtles.

Turtle Species Hatchlings Juveniles Adults    

Razorback Musk 60cm-80cm    / 80cm-100cm

Florida Cooter 60cm-80cm     / 80cm-100cm

Black Musk 60cm-80cm    / 80cm-100cm

Reeves Turtle 60cm-80cm      / 80cm-100cm

Mississippi Map 60cm-80cm    / 80cm-100cm

• Provide ample swimming space, hiding spots, and secure lids to prevent escapes  

• High-quality canister or hang-on-back filter
• Partial water changes (25–30% weekly)
• Maintain clean, well-oxygenated water to prevent shell rot and illness  

• Species vary from moderately shallow to deep water:  
  • Razorback Musk & Black Musk: 4–8 inches
  • Reeves Turtle: 4–8 inches
  • Mississippi Map: 6–9 inches
  • Florida Cooter: 4–8 inches or deeper for adults  
• Include shallow areas for resting and optional basking  

• Sand, smooth gravel, or bare-bottom tank
• Avoid sharp or small gravel that could be ingested  

• Logs, rocks, PVC pipes, or aquatic plants
• Most species are shy and benefit from hiding spots  

• Mostly aquatic species, but optional basking areas are beneficial
• Turtles can dry off, aid digestion, and regulate body temperature  

• Optional heat or basking lamp to maintain 85–90°F (29–32°C) on the basking platform
• Useful in cooler rooms or for older individuals  

 Species Preferred Water Temp     

Razorback Musk 72–78°F (22–26°C)   

Florida Cooter 75–80°F (24–27°C)   

Black Musk 72–78°F (22–26°C)  

 Reeves Turtle 72–78°F (22–26°C)   

Mississippi Map 75–80°F (24–27°C)     

Freshwater turtles are mostly omnivorous or carnivorous. A balanced diet is essential for growth, shell health, and longevity.

• Aquatic insects, worms, shrimp, small fish, and commercial turtle pellets
• Hatchlings: daily feeding
• Adults: 3–5 times per week  

• Leafy greens (kale, romaine, dandelion greens)
• Aquatic plants (duckweed, water lettuce)
• Offer 1–2 times per week for omnivorous species  

• Cuttlebone or calcium block
• Occasional vitamin supplementation to prevent deficiencies  

• Most freshwater turtles are solitary but can thrive in groups
• Minimal handling is preferred to reduce stress
• Can recognize feeding routines but are not interactive pets
• Ensure adequate space if housing multiple turtles to reduce aggression  

• Active swimming and exploration
• Clear eyes and nostrils
• Smooth, firm shell with appropriate coloration  

• Shell rot – due to poor water quality or injury
• Respiratory infections – lethargy, open-mouth breathing, nasal discharge
• Parasites – may occur in unclean environments
• Vitamin deficiencies – weak shell or bone development  

• Maintain clean water and proper water temperatures
• Offer a balanced diet rich in protein and calcium  

• Mostly aquatic and secretive (Razorback, Black Musk, Reeves)
• Active swimmers, especially during feeding (Florida Cooter, Mississippi Map)
• Calm demeanor, enjoy observing, and may hide under logs or plants
• Florida Cooters and Map Turtles may be more active and curious  

• Avoid sharp decorations or small items that could be ingested
• Keep pets and children from disturbing the turtles
• Inspect heaters, cords, and lamps for safety  

• Remove uneaten food after 20–30 minutes
• Check water temperature  

• Partial water changes (25–30%)
• Clean filters and inspect basking/hiding areas  

• Deep-clean tank surfaces and decorations
• Inspect turtles for signs of illness or injury
• Replace worn or damaged equipment  

 Species Male Characteristics Female Characteristics    
Razorback Musk Smaller, slimmer body; long claws; longer, thicker tails Larger, broader shell; shorter tails and claws  
Florida Cooter Males smaller, concave plastron, long claws Larger, flat plastron, shorter claws
Black Musk Smaller, longer claws; longer tails Larger, broader shell; shorter tails and claws  
Reeves Turtle Smaller, longer tails and claws Larger, broader shell; shorter tails/claws   
Mississippi Map Smaller, long front claws; long tail Larger, broader shell; shorter tail    

• Sexual maturity: 3–5 years depending on diet and environment  

These freshwater turtles are fascinating, hardy, and long-lived pets. By providing clean water, appropriate diet, hiding spots, optional basking heat, and regular maintenance, you can enjoy decades of observing their natural behaviors. Each species has unique personality traits, so understanding their needs ensures a thriving, healthy environment.